[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1085},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article:hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy-female-fertility-care":3},{"id":4,"title":5,"author":6,"badge":7,"body":8,"category":1071,"description":1072,"extension":1073,"image":1074,"meta":1077,"navigation":1078,"ogImage":1079,"path":1080,"publishedOn":1081,"seo":1082,"stem":1083,"updatedOn":1081,"__hash__":1084},"articles\u002Farticles\u002Fhyperbaric-oxygen-therapy-female-fertility-care.md","Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) in Female Fertility Care","nur","Fertility",{"type":9,"value":10,"toc":1053},"minimark",[11,16,111,115,127,142,156,171,175,192,213,228,232,237,246,257,266,270,273,282,285,302,305,308,312,329,346,355,370,374,389,404,423,427,442,475,490,505,509,520,537,541,556,571,575],[12,13,15],"h2",{"id":14},"key-takeaways","Key takeaways",[17,18,19,23,47,66,81,96],"ul",{},[20,21,22],"li",{},"HBOT is a medically supervised adjunct to specialist fertility care, not a standalone fertility treatment.",[20,24,25,26,38,39],{},"Its potential relevance to fertility is based on biological mechanisms involving tissue oxygenation, microcirculation, inflammatory regulation and oxidative-stress balance, all of which are important in ovarian and endometrial physiology. ",[27,28,29],"sup",{},[30,31,37],"a",{"href":32,"ariaDescribedBy":33,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":36},"#user-content-fn-de-wolde-2021",[34],"footnote-label","","user-content-fnref-de-wolde-2021","1"," ",[27,40,41],{},[30,42,46],{"href":43,"ariaDescribedBy":44,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":45},"#user-content-fn-zaha-2023",[34],"user-content-fnref-zaha-2023","2",[20,48,49,50,38,58],{},"The most studied female fertility applications to date are resistant thin endometrium before frozen embryo transfer (FET) and poor ovarian response during IVF stimulation, where preliminary clinical studies have reported encouraging findings. ",[27,51,52],{},[30,53,57],{"href":54,"ariaDescribedBy":55,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":56},"#user-content-fn-meng-2025",[34],"user-content-fnref-meng-2025","3",[27,59,60],{},[30,61,65],{"href":62,"ariaDescribedBy":63,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":64},"#user-content-fn-chen-2023",[34],"user-content-fnref-chen-2023","4",[20,67,68,69,38,75],{},"Current evidence supports the use of HBOT before implantation, with treatment plans incorporating clearly defined stop points based on the fertility pathway. ",[27,70,71],{},[30,72,57],{"href":54,"ariaDescribedBy":73,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":74},[34],"user-content-fnref-meng-2025-2",[27,76,77],{},[30,78,65],{"href":62,"ariaDescribedBy":79,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":80},[34],"user-content-fnref-chen-2023-2",[20,82,83,84,38,90],{},"Published fertility protocols and clinical programmes have typically used courses ranging from approximately 10 to 30 sessions, depending on the clinical objective, timing and treatment pathway. ",[27,85,86],{},[30,87,57],{"href":54,"ariaDescribedBy":88,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":89},[34],"user-content-fnref-meng-2025-3",[27,91,92],{},[30,93,65],{"href":62,"ariaDescribedBy":94,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":95},[34],"user-content-fnref-chen-2023-3",[20,97,98,99,38,105],{},"The evidence remains evolving, and further research is needed to define the optimal candidates, treatment protocols, timing and outcomes. ",[27,100,101],{},[30,102,57],{"href":54,"ariaDescribedBy":103,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":104},[34],"user-content-fnref-meng-2025-4",[27,106,107],{},[30,108,65],{"href":62,"ariaDescribedBy":109,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":110},[34],"user-content-fnref-chen-2023-4",[12,112,114],{"id":113},"quick-summary","Quick summary",[116,117,118,119],"p",{},"Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a medical treatment in which an individual breathes near-pure oxygen within a pressurised chamber under medical supervision. Treatment protocols use carefully controlled pressure, oxygen exposure and duration within established safety standards. ",[27,120,121],{},[30,122,126],{"href":123,"ariaDescribedBy":124,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":125},"#user-content-fn-fda-2025",[34],"user-content-fnref-fda-2025","5",[116,128,129,130,38,136],{},"Interest in HBOT within fertility care stems from its potential effects on tissue oxygenation, microcirculatory function, inflammatory signalling and oxidative-stress regulation, biological processes that are important in ovarian and endometrial physiology. ",[27,131,132],{},[30,133,37],{"href":32,"ariaDescribedBy":134,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":135},[34],"user-content-fnref-de-wolde-2021-2",[27,137,138],{},[30,139,46],{"href":43,"ariaDescribedBy":140,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":141},[34],"user-content-fnref-zaha-2023-2",[116,143,49,144,38,150],{},[27,145,146],{},[30,147,57],{"href":54,"ariaDescribedBy":148,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":149},[34],"user-content-fnref-meng-2025-5",[27,151,152],{},[30,153,65],{"href":62,"ariaDescribedBy":154,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":155},[34],"user-content-fnref-chen-2023-5",[116,157,158,159,38,165],{},"While the evidence remains early and further research is needed, HBOT may offer a biologically plausible adjunctive option for carefully selected patients within a specialist-led fertility programme. ",[27,160,161],{},[30,162,57],{"href":54,"ariaDescribedBy":163,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":164},[34],"user-content-fnref-meng-2025-6",[27,166,167],{},[30,168,65],{"href":62,"ariaDescribedBy":169,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":170},[34],"user-content-fnref-chen-2023-6",[12,172,174],{"id":173},"what-is-hbot","What is HBOT?",[116,176,177,178,38,186],{},"Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a medical treatment in which an individual breathes near-pure oxygen within a pressurised chamber under medical supervision. Professional hyperbaric organisations distinguish medical HBOT from some unregulated wellness hyperbaric services. Medical HBOT is delivered within a recognised clinical framework with defined treatment protocols, appropriate clinical oversight and established safety standards. ",[27,179,180],{},[30,181,185],{"href":182,"ariaDescribedBy":183,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":184},"#user-content-fn-uhms-low-pressure-chambers",[34],"user-content-fnref-uhms-low-pressure-chambers","6",[27,187,188],{},[30,189,126],{"href":123,"ariaDescribedBy":190,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":191},[34],"user-content-fnref-fda-2025-2",[116,193,194,195,38,201,38,207],{},"Interest in fertility care stems from its potential effects on tissue oxygenation, microcirculatory function, inflammation and oxidative-stress regulation, processes that are important in ovarian and endometrial physiology. ",[27,196,197],{},[30,198,37],{"href":32,"ariaDescribedBy":199,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":200},[34],"user-content-fnref-de-wolde-2021-3",[27,202,203],{},[30,204,46],{"href":43,"ariaDescribedBy":205,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":206},[34],"user-content-fnref-zaha-2023-3",[27,208,209],{},[30,210,126],{"href":123,"ariaDescribedBy":211,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":212},[34],"user-content-fnref-fda-2025-3",[116,214,215,216,38,222],{},"The most studied female fertility applications to date are resistant thin endometrium before FET and poor ovarian response during IVF stimulation. ",[27,217,218],{},[30,219,57],{"href":54,"ariaDescribedBy":220,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":221},[34],"user-content-fnref-meng-2025-7",[27,223,224],{},[30,225,65],{"href":62,"ariaDescribedBy":226,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":227},[34],"user-content-fnref-chen-2023-7",[12,229,231],{"id":230},"what-does-the-evidence-show","What does the evidence show?",[233,234,236],"h3",{"id":235},"_1-resistant-thin-endometrium-before-frozen-embryo-transfer","1. Resistant thin endometrium before frozen embryo transfer",[116,238,239,240],{},"This is one of the most studied female fertility applications of HBOT. A 2023 prospective cohort study evaluated HBOT during endometrial preparation in women with resistant thin endometrium, typically defined as \u003C=7 mm despite standard treatment. Patients received an average of approximately 28 sessions. The study reported: ",[27,241,242],{},[30,243,65],{"href":62,"ariaDescribedBy":244,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":245},[34],"user-content-fnref-chen-2023-8",[17,247,248,251,254],{},[20,249,250],{},"Endometrial thickness: 5.76 mm -> 6.57 mm",[20,252,253],{},"Cycle cancellation: 61.8% -> 19.0%",[20,255,256],{},"Implantation rate: 33.3% vs 11.1%",[116,258,259,260],{},"As the study was observational rather than randomised, these findings should be viewed as encouraging clinical signals rather than definitive evidence of benefit. Further research is needed to confirm these observations. ",[27,261,262],{},[30,263,65],{"href":62,"ariaDescribedBy":264,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":265},[34],"user-content-fnref-chen-2023-9",[233,267,269],{"id":268},"_2-poor-ovarian-response-during-ivf-stimulation","2. Poor ovarian response during IVF stimulation",[116,271,272],{},"Poor ovarian response remains one of the most challenging scenarios in IVF because it is associated with lower oocyte yield, fewer available embryos and reduced pregnancy potential.",[116,274,275,276],{},"The most relevant human study is a 2025 pre-post cohort of 41 women with poor ovarian response undergoing IVF. HBOT was initiated during ovarian stimulation, typically from cycle day 3, and completed before trigger. ",[27,277,278],{},[30,279,57],{"href":54,"ariaDescribedBy":280,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":281},[34],"user-content-fnref-meng-2025-8",[116,283,284],{},"The study reported improvements in several clinically relevant ovarian and embryological parameters, including:",[17,286,287,290,293,296,299],{},[20,288,289],{},"Number of oocytes retrieved",[20,291,292],{},"Follicle output rate (FORT)",[20,294,295],{},"Follicle-to-oocyte index (FOI)",[20,297,298],{},"Normal fertilisation rate",[20,300,301],{},"Available embryos",[116,303,304],{},"The investigators also observed a nonlinear relationship between treatment exposure and oocyte yield, with the greatest increase occurring during the early treatment phase and no additional gain observed beyond approximately eight sessions.",[116,306,307],{},"Although limited by its small sample size and observational design, the study provides preliminary clinical evidence supporting further investigation of HBOT as an adjunct during ovarian stimulation in selected patients with poor ovarian response.",[233,309,311],{"id":310},"_3-oocyte-competence-ovarian-ageing-and-preclinical-evidence","3. Oocyte Competence, Ovarian Ageing and Preclinical Evidence",[116,313,314,315,38,323],{},"Direct human evidence for improvements in oocyte quality remains limited. However, oxidative stress within the follicular environment has been associated with impaired oocyte competence, reduced fertilisation rates and poorer reproductive outcomes. ",[27,316,317],{},[30,318,322],{"href":319,"ariaDescribedBy":320,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":321},"#user-content-fn-ma-2022",[34],"user-content-fnref-ma-2022","7",[27,324,325],{},[30,326,46],{"href":43,"ariaDescribedBy":327,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":328},[34],"user-content-fnref-zaha-2023-4",[116,330,331,332,38,338],{},"The rationale for HBOT in this setting comes primarily from mechanistic and preclinical research. Human HBOT studies have also reported effects on oxidative-stress markers and inflammatory responses, supporting the biological plausibility of these observations. ",[27,333,334],{},[30,335,37],{"href":32,"ariaDescribedBy":336,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":337},[34],"user-content-fnref-de-wolde-2021-4",[27,339,340],{},[30,341,345],{"href":342,"ariaDescribedBy":343,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":344},"#user-content-fn-de-wolde-2022",[34],"user-content-fnref-de-wolde-2022","8",[116,347,348,349],{},"In aged female mice, HBOT was associated with improvements in ovarian function, oocyte maturation, fertilisation and blastocyst formation. ",[27,350,351],{},[30,352,322],{"href":319,"ariaDescribedBy":353,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":354},[34],"user-content-fnref-ma-2022-2",[116,356,357,358,38,364],{},"While animal data cannot be translated directly into clinical fertility outcomes, these findings support continued investigation of HBOT in patients where ovarian ageing, diminished ovarian reserve or oxidative-stress-related dysfunction are considered relevant contributors to infertility. ",[27,359,360],{},[30,361,322],{"href":319,"ariaDescribedBy":362,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":363},[34],"user-content-fnref-ma-2022-3",[27,365,366],{},[30,367,46],{"href":43,"ariaDescribedBy":368,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":369},[34],"user-content-fnref-zaha-2023-5",[233,371,373],{"id":372},"_4-what-the-evidence-does-not-yet-prove","4. What the evidence does not yet prove",[116,375,376,377,38,383],{},"Current evidence does not establish that HBOT improves live-birth rates, nor has an optimal fertility protocol been defined. The leading studies are observational and relatively small, and their findings require confirmation in larger randomised controlled trials. ",[27,378,379],{},[30,380,57],{"href":54,"ariaDescribedBy":381,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":382},[34],"user-content-fnref-meng-2025-9",[27,384,385],{},[30,386,65],{"href":62,"ariaDescribedBy":387,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":388},[34],"user-content-fnref-chen-2023-10",[116,390,391,392,38,398],{},"Overall, the available evidence suggests that HBOT remains a biologically plausible, medically supervised adjunct with encouraging early signals in selected fertility scenarios, particularly resistant thin endometrium and poor ovarian response. ",[27,393,394],{},[30,395,57],{"href":54,"ariaDescribedBy":396,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":397},[34],"user-content-fnref-meng-2025-10",[27,399,400],{},[30,401,65],{"href":62,"ariaDescribedBy":402,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":403},[34],"user-content-fnref-chen-2023-11",[116,405,406,407,38,415],{},"Earlier clinical studies in female infertility and IVF patients provided important preliminary observations but were small and exploratory in nature. ",[27,408,409],{},[30,410,414],{"href":411,"ariaDescribedBy":412,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":413},"#user-content-fn-mitrovic-2006",[34],"user-content-fnref-mitrovic-2006","9",[27,416,417],{},[30,418,422],{"href":419,"ariaDescribedBy":420,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":421},"#user-content-fn-van-voorhis-2005",[34],"user-content-fnref-van-voorhis-2005","10",[12,424,426],{"id":425},"treatment-strategy-aligning-hbot-with-the-fertility-pathway","Treatment Strategy: Aligning HBOT with the Fertility Pathway",[116,428,429,430,38,436],{},"Treatment should be guided by the underlying fertility diagnosis, available preparation time and treatment pathway. Published fertility protocols have used courses ranging from approximately 10 to 30 sessions, depending on the clinical objective and treatment schedule. ",[27,431,432],{},[30,433,57],{"href":54,"ariaDescribedBy":434,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":435},[34],"user-content-fnref-meng-2025-11",[27,437,438],{},[30,439,65],{"href":62,"ariaDescribedBy":440,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":441},[34],"user-content-fnref-chen-2023-12",[17,443,444,451,457],{},[20,445,446,450],{},[447,448,449],"strong",{},"10 sessions:"," When treatment time is limited or HBOT is introduced during an active treatment cycle.",[20,452,453,456],{},[447,454,455],{},"20 sessions:"," When a short preparation period is available before IVF or FET.",[20,458,459,462,463,38,469],{},[447,460,461],{},"30 sessions:"," When there are a longer preparation window and a clear clinical rationale, such as resistant thin endometrium, poor ovarian response or repeated suboptimal treatment outcomes. ",[27,464,465],{},[30,466,57],{"href":54,"ariaDescribedBy":467,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":468},[34],"user-content-fnref-meng-2025-12",[27,470,471],{},[30,472,65],{"href":62,"ariaDescribedBy":473,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":474},[34],"user-content-fnref-chen-2023-13",[116,476,477,478,38,484],{},"HBOT is generally completed before embryo transfer or planned conception, with the exact stop point determined by the fertility pathway and treatment timeline. ",[27,479,480],{},[30,481,57],{"href":54,"ariaDescribedBy":482,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":483},[34],"user-content-fnref-meng-2025-13",[27,485,486],{},[30,487,65],{"href":62,"ariaDescribedBy":488,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":489},[34],"user-content-fnref-chen-2023-14",[116,491,492,493,38,499],{},"The precise number of sessions is less important than ensuring treatment is delivered during the appropriate biological window and integrated into the overall fertility plan. ",[27,494,495],{},[30,496,57],{"href":54,"ariaDescribedBy":497,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":498},[34],"user-content-fnref-meng-2025-14",[27,500,501],{},[30,502,65],{"href":62,"ariaDescribedBy":503,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":504},[34],"user-content-fnref-chen-2023-15",[12,506,508],{"id":507},"safety-considerations","Safety Considerations",[116,510,511,512],{},"HBOT has a well-established safety profile when delivered in an appropriately supervised medical setting. The most common side effects are temporary ear or sinus discomfort related to pressure changes, while serious complications are very rare. ",[27,513,514],{},[30,515,519],{"href":516,"ariaDescribedBy":517,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":518},"#user-content-fn-zhang-2023",[34],"user-content-fnref-zhang-2023","11",[116,521,522,523,38,529],{},"Appropriate patient selection, screening and clinical oversight remain essential. ",[27,524,525],{},[30,526,126],{"href":123,"ariaDescribedBy":527,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":528},[34],"user-content-fnref-fda-2025-4",[27,530,531],{},[30,532,536],{"href":533,"ariaDescribedBy":534,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":535},"#user-content-fn-gawdi-2025",[34],"user-content-fnref-gawdi-2025","12",[12,538,540],{"id":539},"summary","Summary",[116,542,543,544,38,550],{},"HBOT is a biologically plausible, medically supervised adjunct in fertility care. Early studies in resistant thin endometrium and poor ovarian response have reported encouraging findings, although the evidence remains preliminary. ",[27,545,546],{},[30,547,57],{"href":54,"ariaDescribedBy":548,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":549},[34],"user-content-fnref-meng-2025-15",[27,551,552],{},[30,553,65],{"href":62,"ariaDescribedBy":554,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":555},[34],"user-content-fnref-chen-2023-16",[116,557,558,559,38,565],{},"Further research is needed to define the optimal role of HBOT in fertility treatment and identify the patients most likely to benefit. The current evidence provides a credible scientific rationale for continued investigation and thoughtful clinical use in carefully selected fertility patients. ",[27,560,561],{},[30,562,57],{"href":54,"ariaDescribedBy":563,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":564},[34],"user-content-fnref-meng-2025-16",[27,566,567],{},[30,568,65],{"href":62,"ariaDescribedBy":569,"dataFootnoteRef":35,"id":570},[34],"user-content-fnref-chen-2023-17",[12,572,574],{"id":573},"references","References",[576,577,580,585],"section",{"className":578,"dataFootnotes":35},[579],"footnotes",[12,581,584],{"className":582,"id":34},[583],"sr-only","Footnotes",[586,587,588,625,666,788,914,948,961,988,1001,1014,1027,1040],"ol",{},[20,589,591,592,38,597,38,604,38,611,38,618],{"id":590},"user-content-fn-de-wolde-2021","de Wolde SD, Hulskes RH, Weenink RP, Hollmann MW, van Hulst RA. The Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygenation on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Angiogenesis. Biomolecules. 2021;11(8):1210. ",[30,593,594],{"href":594,"rel":595},"https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC8394403\u002F",[596],"nofollow",[30,598,603],{"href":599,"ariaLabel":600,"className":601,"dataFootnoteBackref":35},"#user-content-fnref-de-wolde-2021","Back to reference 1",[602],"data-footnote-backref","↩",[30,605,603,609],{"href":606,"ariaLabel":607,"className":608,"dataFootnoteBackref":35},"#user-content-fnref-de-wolde-2021-2","Back to reference 1-2",[602],[27,610,46],{},[30,612,603,616],{"href":613,"ariaLabel":614,"className":615,"dataFootnoteBackref":35},"#user-content-fnref-de-wolde-2021-3","Back to reference 1-3",[602],[27,617,57],{},[30,619,603,623],{"href":620,"ariaLabel":621,"className":622,"dataFootnoteBackref":35},"#user-content-fnref-de-wolde-2021-4","Back to reference 1-4",[602],[27,624,65],{},[20,626,628,629,38,633,38,638,38,645,38,652,38,659],{"id":627},"user-content-fn-zaha-2023","Zaha I, Muresan M, et al. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Infertility. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2023;13(8):1264. ",[30,630,631],{"href":631,"rel":632},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mdpi.com\u002F2075-4426\u002F13\u002F8\u002F1264",[596],[30,634,603],{"href":635,"ariaLabel":636,"className":637,"dataFootnoteBackref":35},"#user-content-fnref-zaha-2023","Back to reference 2",[602],[30,639,603,643],{"href":640,"ariaLabel":641,"className":642,"dataFootnoteBackref":35},"#user-content-fnref-zaha-2023-2","Back to reference 2-2",[602],[27,644,46],{},[30,646,603,650],{"href":647,"ariaLabel":648,"className":649,"dataFootnoteBackref":35},"#user-content-fnref-zaha-2023-3","Back to reference 2-3",[602],[27,651,57],{},[30,653,603,657],{"href":654,"ariaLabel":655,"className":656,"dataFootnoteBackref":35},"#user-content-fnref-zaha-2023-4","Back to reference 2-4",[602],[27,658,65],{},[30,660,603,664],{"href":661,"ariaLabel":662,"className":663,"dataFootnoteBackref":35},"#user-content-fnref-zaha-2023-5","Back to reference 2-5",[602],[27,665,126],{},[20,667,669,670,38,674,38,679,38,686,38,693,38,700,38,707,38,714,38,721,38,728,38,735,38,742,38,749,38,756,38,764,38,772,38,780],{"id":668},"user-content-fn-meng-2025","Meng W, Zhu W, Song Z, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves oocyte yield and embryo quality in poor ovarian responders: a pre-post cohort study. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 2025. ",[30,671,672],{"href":672,"rel":673},"https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC12621376\u002F",[596],[30,675,603],{"href":676,"ariaLabel":677,"className":678,"dataFootnoteBackref":35},"#user-content-fnref-meng-2025","Back to reference 3",[602],[30,680,603,684],{"href":681,"ariaLabel":682,"className":683,"dataFootnoteBackref":35},"#user-content-fnref-meng-2025-2","Back to reference 3-2",[602],[27,685,46],{},[30,687,603,691],{"href":688,"ariaLabel":689,"className":690,"dataFootnoteBackref":35},"#user-content-fnref-meng-2025-3","Back to reference 3-3",[602],[27,692,57],{},[30,694,603,698],{"href":695,"ariaLabel":696,"className":697,"dataFootnoteBackref":35},"#user-content-fnref-meng-2025-4","Back to reference 3-4",[602],[27,699,65],{},[30,701,603,705],{"href":702,"ariaLabel":703,"className":704,"dataFootnoteBackref":35},"#user-content-fnref-meng-2025-5","Back to reference 3-5",[602],[27,706,126],{},[30,708,603,712],{"href":709,"ariaLabel":710,"className":711,"dataFootnoteBackref":35},"#user-content-fnref-meng-2025-6","Back to reference 3-6",[602],[27,713,185],{},[30,715,603,719],{"href":716,"ariaLabel":717,"className":718,"dataFootnoteBackref":35},"#user-content-fnref-meng-2025-7","Back to reference 3-7",[602],[27,720,322],{},[30,722,603,726],{"href":723,"ariaLabel":724,"className":725,"dataFootnoteBackref":35},"#user-content-fnref-meng-2025-8","Back to reference 3-8",[602],[27,727,345],{},[30,729,603,733],{"href":730,"ariaLabel":731,"className":732,"dataFootnoteBackref":35},"#user-content-fnref-meng-2025-9","Back to reference 3-9",[602],[27,734,414],{},[30,736,603,740],{"href":737,"ariaLabel":738,"className":739,"dataFootnoteBackref":35},"#user-content-fnref-meng-2025-10","Back to reference 3-10",[602],[27,741,422],{},[30,743,603,747],{"href":744,"ariaLabel":745,"className":746,"dataFootnoteBackref":35},"#user-content-fnref-meng-2025-11","Back to reference 3-11",[602],[27,748,519],{},[30,750,603,754],{"href":751,"ariaLabel":752,"className":753,"dataFootnoteBackref":35},"#user-content-fnref-meng-2025-12","Back to reference 3-12",[602],[27,755,536],{},[30,757,603,761],{"href":758,"ariaLabel":759,"className":760,"dataFootnoteBackref":35},"#user-content-fnref-meng-2025-13","Back to reference 3-13",[602],[27,762,763],{},"13",[30,765,603,769],{"href":766,"ariaLabel":767,"className":768,"dataFootnoteBackref":35},"#user-content-fnref-meng-2025-14","Back to reference 3-14",[602],[27,770,771],{},"14",[30,773,603,777],{"href":774,"ariaLabel":775,"className":776,"dataFootnoteBackref":35},"#user-content-fnref-meng-2025-15","Back to reference 3-15",[602],[27,778,779],{},"15",[30,781,603,785],{"href":782,"ariaLabel":783,"className":784,"dataFootnoteBackref":35},"#user-content-fnref-meng-2025-16","Back to reference 3-16",[602],[27,786,787],{},"16",[20,789,791,792,38,796,38,801,38,808,38,815,38,822,38,829,38,836,38,843,38,850,38,857,38,864,38,871,38,878,38,885,38,892,38,899,38,906],{"id":790},"user-content-fn-chen-2023","Chen J, Huang F, Fu J, et al. 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Adverse effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Medicine. 2023. ",[30,1032,1033],{"href":1033,"rel":1034},"https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC10232961\u002F",[596],[30,1036,603],{"href":1037,"ariaLabel":1038,"className":1039,"dataFootnoteBackref":35},"#user-content-fnref-zhang-2023","Back to reference 11",[602],[20,1041,1043,1044,38,1048],{"id":1042},"user-content-fn-gawdi-2025","Gawdi R, Cooper JS, Salhanick SD. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Contraindications. StatPearls. NCBI Bookshelf. Updated 2025. ",[30,1045,1046],{"href":1046,"rel":1047},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fbooks\u002FNBK557661\u002F",[596],[30,1049,603],{"href":1050,"ariaLabel":1051,"className":1052,"dataFootnoteBackref":35},"#user-content-fnref-gawdi-2025","Back to reference 12",[602],{"title":35,"searchDepth":1054,"depth":1054,"links":1055},2,[1056,1057,1058,1059,1066,1067,1068,1069,1070],{"id":14,"depth":1054,"text":15},{"id":113,"depth":1054,"text":114},{"id":173,"depth":1054,"text":174},{"id":230,"depth":1054,"text":231,"children":1060},[1061,1063,1064,1065],{"id":235,"depth":1062,"text":236},3,{"id":268,"depth":1062,"text":269},{"id":310,"depth":1062,"text":311},{"id":372,"depth":1062,"text":373},{"id":425,"depth":1054,"text":426},{"id":507,"depth":1054,"text":508},{"id":539,"depth":1054,"text":540},{"id":573,"depth":1054,"text":574},{"id":34,"depth":1054,"text":584},"Article","Learn how hyperbaric oxygen therapy may support female fertility care, including thin endometrium, poor ovarian response, IVF timing, and safety.","md",{"src":1075,"alt":1076},"\u002Fresources\u002Farticles\u002Ffemale-fertility\u002Fcover.webp","An article cover",{},true,"https:\u002F\u002Fnumaoxygen.com\u002Fresources\u002Farticles\u002Ffemale-fertility\u002Fogimage.jpg","\u002Farticles\u002Fhyperbaric-oxygen-therapy-female-fertility-care","2026-05-30",{"title":5,"description":1072},"articles\u002Fhyperbaric-oxygen-therapy-female-fertility-care","oAyU_DHAJ696QKUgbxDumBTUHwtwrozGV3yiRrZvdfE",1780140256201]